Executive Functioning and NF1

  • Children NF1
  • General Education
  • NF Type 1

Tiffany Dell’Aquila, PSY.D

EF SLIDES FROM 2015 SYMPOSIUM

Executive functioning refers to our ability to manage daily routines, set and meet goals, and control our emotions. Many children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) experience challenges with these skills. Studies show that a high percentage of children with NF1 have some level of impairment in cognitive functioning, and there’s a strong link between NF1 and executive functioning difficulties. Additionally, children with NF1 have a higher risk of ADHD, which can also impact these skills.

How Executive Functioning Challenges Can Affect Students

As academic demands increase, students are expected to manage more complex tasks, from meeting deadlines to organizing written work. A student with an executive functioning deficit may struggle to plan long-term assignments, break them down into smaller steps, or keep track of materials. Parents and teachers might describe them as “not meeting their potential,” even when the student is trying their best to keep up.

Skills Involved in Executive Functioning

  • Initiating
  • Planning
  • Decision-making
  • Error correcting/editing
  • Transitioning and switching between tasks
  • Organizing and ordering actions
  • Managing time
  • Using working memory
  • Self-monitoring
  • Exercising mental flexibility

Common Warning Signs of EF Deficits

  • Difficulty keeping their room, desk, or backpack organized
  • Trouble developing or following routines
  • Procrastinates on tasks
  • Struggles to follow through and complete tasks
  • Forgets to turn in completed work
  • Has trouble estimating how long a task will take
  • Frequently loses track of materials, homework, or permission slips
  • Doesn’t catch or correct mistakes in their work
  • Has difficulty following directions
  • Struggles to control emotional reactions
  • Has trouble maintaining attention or controlling impulsivity
  • Finds it hard to adapt to changes in schedules or plans

Strategies to Support Your Child

  • Identify and track problem areas
  • Allow your child to brainstorm solutions
  • Focus on positive behavior, not negative
  • Model the desired behavior
  • Explain and demonstrate the benefit to your child
  • Use positive reinforcement
  • Revise strategies as needed
  • Listen to your child’s thoughts and feelings

Seeking Professional Support

While these strategies can make a big difference, sometimes additional support from a professional is helpful. A clinical psychologist or an executive functioning coach can provide tailored strategies for your child and family.